Frankenberger, Roland

Purpose: To investigate the effect of tooth age on dentin adhesion of different luting systems to the root canal. Materials and Methods: 180 root canals of extracted teeth were divided into three age-specific groups (n = 60): young 20–35 (y), middle-aged 45–60 (m), and older 70–85 (o) years. Ten teeth of each age group were assigned to a luting system: Panavia 21 with ED Primer (P21, Kuraray); Core X Flow with Prime&Bond active and Self-Cure Activator (CXF, Dentsply Sirona); Multilink Automix with Multilink Primer (ML, Ivoclar Vivadent); Panavia SA Cement Plus (PSA, Kuraray); Smart Cem 2 (SM2, Dentsply Sirona); Speed CEM Plus (SCP, Ivoclar Vivadent). The root canals of decoronated teeth were instrumented with F360 (Komet) and BR7 (FKG) up to a working length of 8 mm (Ø0.6mm, taper 0.02) and filled with standardized steel spreaders and the selected material. The intracanal bond was determined by a pull-out test. The failure modes were categorized as an adhesive to dentin (AD), adhesive to spreader (AS), cohesive within the composite (C), and mixed (M). Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric ANOVA, Tukey, and Chi-square test at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Results: The study showed significant differences for the various luting systems (ANOVA, P 0.05). PSA showed significant differences in bond strength to SM2, CXF, SCP, and ML, as did SM2 to P21 and SCP (Tukey, P 0.05). M (46%) occurred 53% in y and 70% in SCP. Conclusions: No adhesive strategy can yet be recommended for tooth age. Clinically available luting systems show significant differences in their adhesion values. Keywords: luting systems, post adhesion, root canal dentin, tooth age

Purpose: To investigate, via questionnaire, how protocols for adhesive luting workflows of dental restorations are applied in three German-speaking countries. Material and Methods: A 47-item questionnaire gathered data on airborne particle abrasion (APA) unit characteristics, parameters, operating procedures, pretreatments in adhesive luting workflows for restorations, and participant demographics. The survey was distributed via trade journals, expert associations, universities, technical schools, and social media. Marginal absolute and relative frequencies were analyzed (95% confidence intervals), with Chi-squared tests comparing observed and expected frequencies (P0.05). Twenty-three experts voted on 23 recommendations regarding APA parameters and other pretreatments for bonding restorations. Results: A total of 267 participants completed the survey. Access to an APA unit was linked to a higher likelihood of performing APA before placement. Approximately half of the participants used APA in their practice. For zirconia restorations, 47.2% applied alumina APA at 50 µm/0.1 MPa, while 36.7% used the same settings for polymer-based restorations. For alloys, 37.5% employed 110 µm/0.2 MPa. These preferences correlated with age (≥30 years), experience (≥10 years), profession (dental technician/dentist), prior instruction/training, and daily APA use. Adhesives with MDP were used for zirconia (63.8%) and those with silane for silicate-based ceramics (55.9%). Agreement on recommendations ranged between 52% and 100%, with 21/23 reaching an average of 93%. Conclusion: Access to APA influenced clinical decisions and the feasibility of adhesive luting workflows. Adequate APA equipment in dental facilities is essential for quality care. Standardized protocols, training, and education across dental professions are necessary to enhance understanding and proper use of APA. Keywords: adhesive dentistry, airborne particle abrasion, parameter, surface conditioning, bonding, dental restoration

Purpose: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different indirect pulp capping (IPC) materials on bond strength to surrounding dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six human third molars were used in this study. Occlusal dentin of 42 teeth was exposed. Dentin surfaces (n = 6) were left uncovered (control) or received a 1 × 1 mm central IPC (KL: Kerr life, DY: Dycal, TC: Theracal LC, CL: Calcimol LC, BD: Biodentine, and PR: ProRoot MTA) and were then bonded with Scotchbond Universal adhesive and restored with a composite resin build-up (Filtek™ Z250). After 24 h of water storage, the specimens were cut into sticks, which were marked red (1 mm distance from IPC spot), green (2 mm distance), and blue (3 mm distance). Consequently, µ-TBS tests were performed and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P 0.05) for normal distributions and Mann–Whitney U-test (P 0.05) for non-normal distributions. Pretesting failures were recorded as 0 MPa. Fracture modes were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope, and interfaces and surfaces of 14 additional specimens were visualized under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: A significant reduction in peripheral seal was only observed for KL (Mann–Whitney U-test, P 0.05). All groups showed increasing bond strengths from the IPC area to the periphery, indicating a certain contamination potential of IPC materials. Conclusion: IPC materials being applied in very deep cavity areas except Kerr Life do not harm peripheral seal to dentin. Especially, hydraulic cements can be used without a negative effect on the peripheral dentin seal. Keywords: adhesive bond strength, dentin adhesives, lining, microtensile bond strength, surface characteristic

Mit dem geplanten „Phase out“ von Dentalamalgam in der EU und der damit verbundenen, zum 1. Januar 2025 wirksamen neuen Behandlungsrichtlinie stellt sich in der Praxis nun eine konkrete Frage: Welches Material kommt für eine zuzahlungsfreie, plastische Restauration im Seitenzahnbereich infrage? Mit diesem Papier soll diese Frage beantwortet werden und es wird deutlich: Nicht alle „selbstadhäsiven“ Materialien sind auch wirklich für diese Indikation geeignet. Beim Blick auf die klinischen Daten zeigen sich Glashybride im Vorteil.