The influence of previous trauma in the management of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is controversial. The objectives of htis study were to compare treatment regimens and outcomes in motor vehicle accident trauma-related versus non-trauma-related TMD patients. Files of 50 trauma and 50 matched nontrauma TMD patients were reviewed. Information concerning treatment received, progress of symptoms with treatment, and findings from the final examination were recorded. As a whole group, posttraumatic TMD patients tended to receive more types of treatment (P .0001), have more medications prescribed (including analgesics, P .001; nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, P = .001), have more oral medicine clinic visits (P = .07) over a longer period of time (P = .06), and have a poorer treatment otucome (P .001) as compared to the nontrauma group. When the patients were separated into TMD diagnostic classifciation subsets, only some of htese differences between trauma and nontrauma patients were seen, but the subset group sizes were small and only a few of the groups could be compared. There did not seem to be a significant effect from settling insurance claims prior to the last clinic visit. Trauma may be an important prognostic factor in the management of some TMD patients.