Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Titanium After Varied Surface Treatments Using Human Osteosarcoma Osteoblast Cells: An In Vitro Study

Purpose: To evaluate the osteogenic potential of commercially pure titanium after different surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Thirty commercially pure grade 2 titanium disks of similar designs and dimensions were divided into three groups. In the first group (group C), polished samples were used as the control group. In the second group (group SG), an oxide layer was coated on the samples using a sol-gel dip coating technique. In the third group (group SA), samples were sandblasted and treated with different acids in succession to etch the samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of one sample from each group was performed to observe the surface morphology and surface composition. The surface roughness of the samples was evaluated with a surface profilometer. To evaluate the effect of the SA and SG treatments on the samples' osteogenic potential, samples from each group underwent cell culture study using human osteosarcoma osteoblast cell lines. Scanning electron microscopy of one sample from each group was performed to observe cell morphology and attachment. Results and Conclusion: The SA and SG surfaces were rougher than that of the control group. There was a significant increase in oxygen content in groups SG and SA. Cell sheets were able to penetrate into the pores and adhered inside the valleys of the SA samples, suggesting excellent attachment. Schlagwörter: human osteosarcoma osteoblast cells, sandblasting and acid-etching, sol-gel dip coating, surface properties