PubMed ID (PMID): 17194045Pages 187-190, Language: English, GermanWagner, Ina-Veronika
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194046Pages 195-204, Language: English, GermanWagner, I.-V.
Clinical documentation, including medical/ dental history, oral status findings, treatment planning, and progress notes, are prerequisites for the use of retrospective evaluation procedures as well as for quality assessment and enhancement. A substantial condition for making full profit of these advantages of digital clinical records is that their design is based on established physiologic- and cognitiveergonomic concepts.
Keywords: Digital clinical record, quality assurance, human cognitive performance, cognitive ergonomics
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194047Pages 205-218, Language: English, GermanJohnson, L. / Grayden, S.
Podcasting has recently emerged as an important information technology tool for health professionals and consumers around the world. Prestigious journals, international conferences, universities and government agencies among other entities are starting to publish digital information via audio and video podcasts. Podcasting is distinguished from other forms of digital audio-video content because it can be subscribed to (using Real Simple Syndication or RSS) and easily accessed from a personal computer. Further, it can be downloaded to a mobile device, such as an iPod where the user is able to listen to or watch it anywhere, anytime. Podcasting is used in new and evolving ways to publish information for healthcare education, patient care, professional continuing education, and in support of healthcare research. In addition to a description of what podcasting is, how podcasts are created, and how they are used, this paper addresses four critical issues that are emerging concerning podcasts. These issues are intellectual property and copyright, podcast preservation, podcast location, and podcast standards. As podcasting matures and new uses are discovered, we will see podcasting incorporated into our education, research and patient care publication paradigm.
Keywords: podcasting, information technology, mobile technology, digital documentation
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194048Pages 219-226, Language: English, GermanKoch, S.
In light of future challenges, such as growing numbers of elderly, increase in chronic diseases, insufficient health care budgets and problems with staff recruitment for the health-care sector, information and communication technology (ICT) becomes a possible means to meet these challenges. Organizational changes such as the decentralization of the health-care system lead to a shift from in-hospital to both advanced and basic home health care. Advanced medical technologies provide solutions for distant home care in form of specialist consultations and home monitoring. Furthermore, the shift towards home health care will increase mobile work and the establishment of shared care teams which require ICTbased solutions that support ubiquitous information access and cooperative work. Clinical documentation and decision support systems are the main ICT-based solutions of interest in the context of ubiquitous computing for shared care environments. This paper therefore describes the prerequisites for clinical documentation and decision support at the point of care, the impact of mobility on the documentation process, and how the introduction of ICT-based solutions will influence organizations and people. Furthermore, the role of dentistry in shared-care environments is discussed and illustrated in the form of a future scenario.
Keywords: Clinical documentation, decision support systems, dental informatics, human-computer interaction, home care services, information systems
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194049Pages 227-235, Language: English, GermanStein, R. / Finkeissen, E.
For the exchange between science and practice, a language that is as precise as possible is also required in dentisty. This language is necessarily based on our ideas about the relationships in reality. Since standardization is unavoidable, various methods have been developed in informatics as to how these models can be represented and made more precise. On this basis, it is possible to neutrally discuss the situations in which a given form of treatment is expedient or not. A step-by-step approach to standardization of dental language with the aid of meta models is shown by reference to examples. The medrapid.info service is presented as an approach to making medical and dental language more precise.
Keywords: dentistry, decisionmaking, controlled vocabulary
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194050Pages 237-252, Language: English, GermanKoch, S. / Risch, T. / Schneider, W. / Wagner, I.-V.
Fachspezifisches Wissen ist selten statisch, sondern es wird kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt und erweitert. Dies gilt ganz besonders für das Gebiet der Medizin. Ein besonderes Problem besteht darin, dass es bei fehlenden standardisierten Strukturen für die Wissensrepräsentation schwierig - oft auch unmöglich - ist, neues Wissen im Kontext des befindlichen Wissens zu begutachten und dementsprechend zu integrieren. Ein schneller und direkter Vergleich von Wissen ist oft unmöglich. Es ist deshalb äußerst wichtig, ein Modell zu erstellen, das die Vergleichbarkeit, Konsistenz und Qualitätssicherung von medizinischem Wissen in spezifischen Arbeitssituationen ermöglicht. Zu diesem Zweck haben wir ein objektrelationales Modell entwickelt auf der Basis von strukturierten, multimedial repräsentierten Wissenselementen, die dynamisch wieder verwendet und benutzt werden können für fallbasierte Dokumentation, Simulation von Krankheitsverläufen und Entscheidungsunterstützungen. Mit diesem Modell werden komplexe Komponenten (z.B. patientenbezogene Fallbeschreibungen oder Simulationen von Krankheitsverläufen), und Grundkomponenten (z.B. Diagnosen, Symptome oder Therapien) wie auch die Beziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Komponenten repräsentiert. Das daraus resultierende Schema wurde in AMOS II implementiert, einem objekt-relationalen Multi-Datenbanksystem, welches unterschiedlichen klinischen Arbeitssituationen entsprechend verschiedene Betrachtungsweisen bezüglich Suche und Analyse unterstützt.
Keywords: Repräsentation medizinischen Wissens; objektbezogene Datenbanken; Qualitätssicherung
PubMed ID (PMID): 17194051Pages 253-265, Language: English, GermanWelk, Alexander / Splieth, Christian / Wierinck, E. / Gilpatrick, R. O. / Meyer, G.
Introduction: Computer technology is increasingly used in practical training at universities. However, in spite of their potential, computer-assisted learning (CAL) and computer-assisted simulation (CAS) systems still appear to be underutilized in dental education.
Materials and Methods: Advantages, challenges, problems, and solutions of computer-assisted learning and simulation in dentistry are discussed by means of MEDLINE, open Internet platform searches, and key results of a study among German dental schools.
Results: The advantages of computerassisted learning are seen for example in self-paced and self-directed learning and increased motivation. It is useful for both objective theoretical and practical tests and for training students to handle complex cases. CAL can lead to more structured learning and can support training in evidence-based decision-making. The reasons for the still relatively rare implementation of CAL/CAS systems in dental education include an inability to finance, lack of studies of CAL/CAS, and too much effort required to integrate CAL/CAS systems into the curriculum.
Conclusion: To overcome the reasons for the relative low degree of computer technology use, we should strive for multicenter research and development projects monitored by the appropriate national and international scientific societies, so that the potential of computer technology can be fully realized in graduate, postgraduate, and continuing dental education.
Keywords: computer-assisted learning, computer-assisted simulation, problem-based learning, evidencebased medical/dental education, dental simulator, virtual reality dental simulation