Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) is widely used in periodontal regeneration procedures as a scaffold for new bone formation in periodontal defects. How this biomaterial alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to identify genes that are differently regulated in osteoblasts exposed to DFDBA. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, the authors identified in an osteoblastlike cell line (MG-63) cultured with DFDBA (Allogro, Dentsply/Friadent- Ceramed) several genes whose expression was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. The differently expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (1) cell cycle regulation, (2) immunity, (3) vesicular transport, (4) production of cytoskeletal elements, and (5) bone remodeling. The data reported are, to the authors' knowledge, the first genetic portrait of DFDBA effects. They can be relevant to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.