Microscopic Analysis of Reconstructed Maxillary Alveolar Ridges Using Autogenous Bone Grafts from the Chin and Iliac Crest

Purpose: The aim of this study was to histologically analyze the bone repair of maxillary areas reconstructed with autogenous bone grafts using 2 different donor sites, the ilium and the chin. Materials and Methods: Specimens were retrieved with trephine burs positioned transversely in augmented ridges 4 months after placement of the grafts. To analyze bone conditions, a histomorphometric study of ground sections was performed using a special template to identify 3 specific regions of the specimens: cortical bone, cancellous bone, and the region of transition between the alveolar ridge and the graft. Ten patients, 5 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 47 years (range 28 to 67) were evaluated. Results: Results indicated good incorporation of the grafts in this period, demonstrated by intense osteogenesis indicating an active remodeling process. Discussion: In both groups, the improvement in bone quality of the receptor site was evident, independent of the size of the reconstruction, although chin grafts presented better bone quality. Conclusions: From this study it was possible to conclude that a period of 4 months is sufficient for the placement of osseointegrated implants in reconstructed areas, where chin or iliac autogenous grafts have been used.