The purpose of this study was to histometrically evaluate an absorbable collagen membrane (Bio- Gide) and a nonabsorbable polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFE), associated with or without bone grafts, regarding "re-osseointegration" after treating ligature-induced peri-implantitis defects in dogs. All mandibular premolars were removed from five 2-year-old mongrel dogs. After 3 months of healing, 3 titanium implants were placed on each side of the mandible. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced with ligatures after abutment connection. Ligatures and abutments were removed after 1 month and the bone defects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: debridement alone (DB), debridement plus PTFE membrane associated with mineralized bone graft (Bio-Oss) (GBR+BG-I), debridement plus collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) associated with mineralized bone graft (GBR+BG-II), debridement plus PTFE membrane (GBR-I), debridement plus collagen membrane (GBRII), or debridement plus mineralized-bone graft (BG). The dogs were sacrificed after 5 months. Data analysis did not reveal significant differences among the treatments regarding the percentage of bone-to-implant contact ("re-osseointegration") within the limits of the threads of the implant (P = .997). Thus, in the treatment of peri-implantitis, debridement alone as well as grafting alone had the same effect as did either membrane. Keywords: absorbable/nonabsorbable membrane, bone graft, guided tissue regeneration, peri-implantitis