Objectives: Numerous therapy systems are based on the de-termination of a virtual treatment objective to manufacture individual fixed appliances or sequential aligners. The present study aimed to undertake a comprehensive scientific litera-ture search and subsequently establish guidelines that de-scribe the biological limits and the individual position of teeth and arches to create a virtual treatment objective for the time period between 1930 and September 2022.
Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Google Scholar databases. Further relevant articles were collected by manual searching. The results were evaluated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results: Following the selection process, 18 articles were identified that showed a relative amount of heterogeneity. The results of the literature search revealed more detailed information about the optimal tooth position and arch rela-tion. The WALA ridge allows individual determination of the shape and size of the dental arch, and the optimal anterior tooth position and position of the maxillary molars are de-fined in more detail according to the vertical and horizontal planes. Based on the parameters discussed as well as some additional ones, it is possible to create a virtual setup with respect to biological limits.
Conclusion: Despite the limited scientific evidence, the stud-ies selected reveal references to biological limit values and offer guidance regarding optimal tooth position and arch re-lation. Nevertheless, further investigations are highly recom-mended to allow comprehensive and evidence-based state-ments to be made.
Keywords: biological limits, orthodontics, setup, tooth position, virtual treatment objective
