A well-functioning dentition is essential for the well-being, self-respect and social relationships of the elderly. How can we avoid the dramatic deterioration of dental health that accompanies illness in the elderly? Dental treatment of elderly patients frequently needs to be adapted to other requirements, compared with that of younger patients, and both over- and under-treatment should be avoided. This article, which considers the Norwegian healthcare policy, focuses on some of the main principles of dental treatment for the elderly.