The purpose of this review is to describe the most commonly used anaesthetics in endodontology, their efficacy and methods of administration both in the maxilla and the mandible. The reasons why local anaesthesia cannot be achieved in all cases as well as the latest advances in anaesthetic techniques are also discussed. Keywords: inferior nerve block, infiltration anaesthesia, intraligamentary anaesthesia, intraosseous anaesthesia, pulpal anaesthesia, vasoconstrictor