Survival Estimates and Risk Factors for Failure with 6 3 5.7-mm ImplantsMichael A. Gentile, DMD1/Sung-Kiang Chuang, DMD, MD2/Thomas B. Dodson, DMD, MPH3Purpose: Short dental implants facilitate prosthetic restoration in the setting of limited alveolar bone height. The study objectives were to (1) estimate the 1-year survival of Bicon 6 3 5.7-mm implants, (2) compare the 1-year survival of 6 3 5.7-mm implants with that of non-6 3 5.7-mm implants, and (3) identify risk factors associated with implant failure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used. The sample was composed of patients who had received at least one 6 3 5.7-mm implant. Predictor variables were categorized as demographic, health status, anatomic, implant-specific, prosthetic, perioperative, and reconstructive. The outcome variable was implant failure, defined as explantation. Appropriate descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate survival statistics were computed. Results: The sample was composed of 35 patients in whom 172 implants had been placed (45 of which were 6 3 5.7-mm). The 1-year survival rates for 6 3 5.7-mm and non-6 3 5.7-mm implants were 92.2% and 95.2%, respectively (P = .76). After adjusting for covariates in a multivariate model, implant size was not associated with failure (P = .95). Discussion: The comparable survival estimates for 6 3 5.7-mm implants and non-6 3 5.7-mm implants in this study suggested that 6 3 5.7-mm implants can become osseointegrated and bear a functional load after placement. Conclusions: The survival of 6 3 5.7-mm implants was comparable to that of non-6 3 5.7-mm implants. Keywords: dental implants, implant survival, oral surgery, risk factors, short implants