Pages 93-103, Language: English, GermanLobbezoo, Frank
Bruxism has been studied increasingly over the past decades. Nevertheless, many aspects of this disorder are still unclear. In this article, a concise overview is provided on the current insights into sleep and awake bruxism, especially related to its definition, epidemiology, etiology, consequences, assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
Keywords: bruxism, sleep, wakefulness, definition, epidemiology, etiology, consequences, assessment, differential diagnosis, treatment
Open AccessPages 105-116, Language: English, GermanPalla, Sandro
Monotone, lang andauernde Muskelkontraktionen geringer Intensität gelten als relevanter physischer Risikofaktor für arbeitsbedingte Muskelschmerzen. Es gibt einige Hinweise darauf, dass eine Parafunktion (Bruxismus) im Wachzustand durch lang anhaltende Muskelaktivitäten geringer Intensität gekennzeichnet ist und dass die Kaumuskulatur sich bei dieser Art von Kontraktionen wie der Musculus trapezius verhält. Deshalb hat die Parafunktion im Wachzustand das Potenzial, Schmerzen der Kaumuskulatur auszulösen, ist jedoch als Ursache nicht hinreichend. In Kurzform beschreibt diese Übersicht mithilfe der Erklärung von Analogien zu arbeitsbedingten Muskelschmerzen, einer bis ins Detail erforschten Erkrankung, weshalb Parafunktionen im Wachzustand alleine keine Schmerzen der Kaumuskulatur hervorrufen können.
Keywords: Muskelschmerz, Bruxismus im Wachzustand, Bruxismus, myofaszialer Schmerz, Myalgia
Pages 117-129, Language: English, GermanRadlanski, Ralf J.
Patients, who present with a posterior position of the mandible, caused by a dental interference in the maxilla (single tooth retrusion, rotation, steep angulation of the entire incisor group, frontal deep bite, or an insufficient transversal dimension) often require raising their bites and decoupling of their occlusion by means of a splint. This allows the mandible to obtain an advanced position free of any dental interference. Passive splints of this kind do not change anything of the occlusally compromising situation, into which the patients are being forced, when they do not wear their splints temporarily. This unsatisfying situation can be altered when the equilibrating splint is combined with orthodontic screw segments. Thus, in a posterior forced bite, it is possible not only to advance the position of the mandible, but also improve the position of the interfering teeth from the beginning of treatment.
Keywords: Equilibrating splint, orthodontic screw segments, posterior forced bite, craniomandibular dysfunction
Pages 131-148, Language: English, GermanAhlers, M. Oliver
After completion of functional therapy, irreversible and/or long-term secondary treatment procedures may be necessary to stabilize the jaw position achieved in functional therapy in individual patients when the post-treatment jaw position after functional therapy does not provide an even distribution of occlusal contacts, and long-term occlusal splint therapy is not an option. If indicated, options for second stage occlusal adjustment following functional therapy include orthodontic, surgical, and dental restorative treatments. In any case, the clinician must determine the desired vertical dimension of occlusion before starting second stage treatment. This paper presents cephalometric methods, as an alternative, and consideration of occlusal and material-specific factors for additive restoration or subtractive occlusal equilibration.
Keywords: vertical dimension, cephalometrics, orthodiontic treatment, subtractive occluscal therapy, restorative therapy, repositioning onlays, disk-repositioning onlays