Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) refer to a group of disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles or both. Currently the possible relationship between orthodontics and TMD is still a matter of debate: Does orthodontic treatment predispose to the development or aggravation of TMD? Or, on the other hand, treat the signs and symptoms of TMD? Review the literature to assess the scientific evidence that demonstrates whether or not a relationship between Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders exists. A search was conducted until November 2013 on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Medline for systematic reviews, meta-analyzes, randomized clinical trials and controlled clinical trials, using the following keywords: "orthodontic treatment AND temporomandibular disorders". The selection was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established. The literature search yielded 10 articles. Current literature on the existence of a possible relationship between orthodontics and TMD is scarce and heterogeneous. However, most studies seem to suggest that orthodontic treatment does not cause or treat TMD. Although current scientific evidence demonstrates that orthodontic treatment is not a predisposing factor for the development or aggravation of TMD, neither a treatment for this disorder, definitive conclusions cannot be draw. So, there remains a need for future studies. Is important to carrying out a medical history and clinical examination before starting orthodontic treatment or during it in order to promote a correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment plan suitable to the TMD. Schlagwörter: Orthodontics, Temporomandibular Disorders, Orthodontic Appliances, Craniomandibular Disorders, Dental Occlusion and Temporomandibular Joint.