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Since different clinical outcomes of periodontal bilaminar surgeries using the palate or the maxillary tuberosity as connective tissue (CT) donor sites have been observed, tissues grafted with CT from the palate or the tuberosity 1 year after surgical procedures for ridge augmentation were compared with nongrafted tissues by using morphologic and molecular methods. Collagen content and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 expression were similar in tissues and cultured fibroblasts from the palate and tuberosity, although with interindividual differences. In contrast, differences in collagen cross-linking and maturation in the tuberosity fibroblasts were observed, suggesting a possible role in determining hyperplastic responses in some patients. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2014;34:179-186. doi: 10.11607/prd.1929)

To perform advanced periodontal therapy to save a natural tooth or to extract it and place an implant-which is best? Several considerations need to be made to make the proper decision. Endodontic conditions, proper reconstruction of a devitalized tooth, and the possibility of correct prosthetic treatment are all factors to be considered. From a strictly periodontal point of view, in the presence of a stable, vital, intact, periodontally involved, single-rooted tooth, a few fundamental criteria need to be considered to make the proper decision. These criteria will be discussed through analysis of therapy outcomes over a period of at least 10 years.

A surgical protocol for the placement of Emdogain during new attachment procedures was published in this journal in 1999. Three cases with infrabony defects were treated, and significant periodontal attachment level gain, probing depth reduction, and bone fill were evident upon clinical probing and reentry procedures after 1 year. The patients were enrolled in a maintenance protocol with 3- month recall visits. After 7 years, the clinical parameters were stable, as was the radiographic evaluation. Surgical reentry after 7 years in two cases and 5 years in one case demonstrated the stability of the previous findings. These data show the long-term efficacy of enamel matrix derivative in new attachment procedures.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess crestal bone resorption 5 years after loading by conducting a clinical and radiographic evaluation of 112 Frialit-2 implants consecutively placed in 51 patients from January 1994 through June 1994. Materials and Methods: All implants were placed in the same private-practice clinic by the same surgeon. Clinical assessment included plaque score monitoring, bleeding on probing, probing depth, type of occlusion, and prosthetic adaptation. Intraoral radiographs were taken and compared using suitable software to accurately measure peri-implant bone resorption. Results: The survival rate of the implants was 100%. Plaque was present on 47 (42%) implants. Bleeding on probing was detectable at 17 implants (15.5%). Probing depth was > 5 mm for 5 implants (4.5%). Crestal bone resorption was 3 mm for 32 implants (28.6%); the average observed crestal bone resorption was 2.17 ± 1.6 mm. Discussion: The survival rate of the implants may be the result of the relatively short functional period as well as the strict and frequent clinical evaluations associated with oral hygiene procedures during the supportive periodontal therapy. Conclusion: The results suggest that with strict plaque control, and provided that the patient follows a regular program of supportive therapy, crestal bone resorption around a 2-stage implant system may be limited. Keywords: crestal bone resorption, wide-diameter dental implants

A surgical protocol is described for the placement of Emdogain enamel matrix derivative during new attachment procedures. Three cases with infrabony defects were treated and a significant probing attachment level (PAL) gain, probing depth reduction, and bone fill were evident on clinical probing and during reentry procedures. The first patient presented a combined one-walled and circumferential defect at a maxillary central incisor. After 1 year the PAL gain was 7 mm. The second case showed a 3-walled defect distal to a maxillary canine. After 1 year the PAL gain was 8 mm, and a reentry procedure showed an almost total fill of the defect. The third patient presented a combined one- and 3-walled defect in the most apical part of the mesial aspect of a maxillary central incisor. One year after the surgical procedure, an orthodontic treatment was performed in this patient. After 6 more months the soft tissue showed a very good esthetic appearance, the papilla height was fully maintained, and there was a PAL gain of 5 mm; 18 months after surgery, reentry showed a significant regeneration of hard tissue that was impossible to probe. Because of these encouraging clinical results, further studies should be initiated to investigate the efficacy of the enamel matrix derivative in new attachment procedures.