Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate possible factors behind the desire for and changes in attitude toward implant treatment in a population of middle-aged and older individuals in Sweden. Materials and Methods: In 1989 and 1999, questionnaires were sent to 3,000 residents in Örebro County, Sweden. Response rates were 79% and 68%, respectively. Those responding to both questionnaires yielded a longitudinal study panel. Logistic regression models were done with "desire of implant treatment" and "changes in desire of implant treatment" as dependent variables. Results: Older people, non-city residents, and those with one or several missing and unreplaced teeth changed their desire for implant treatment between study years. Effects of age, residence, and better dental status disappeared during the 10-year study period. Those who were edentulous and those with removable dentures (pseudo R2: 0.17) expressed lower desire for treatment than those with all teeth remaining or only one or a few teeth missing (pseudo R2: 0.24) in 1989. High income significantly increased the probability to desire implant treatment for the study panel at both study occasions (P = .016 and P = .034 for 1989 and 1999, respectively). Conclusions: Factors influencing desire for implant treatment were primarily income and dental status. The influence of young age, urban living, and dental status regarding the subgroup with one or several teeth missing in relation to those with all their teeth disappeared during the 10-year study period.