Prevention and the Management of Complications Using the Zygoma Implant: A Review and Clinical Experiences

Purpose: To review potential complications that may occur using the zygoma implant published in the literature as well as complications encountered by the primary author. Solutions for prevention as well as the management of such complications are also discussed in detail. Materials and Methods: The authors have reviewed and outlined reports discussing the etiology as well as the management of potential complications associated with the use of the zygoma implant and have offered recommendations for the management of these complications. Results: Predictable clinical solutions are offered for the identification of the cause as well as the management of complications, including orbital involvement, intracranial involvement, paresthesia of V2, subperiosteal infections, overextended apical extension, vestibular dehiscence, failed zygoma implant, fractured implant, and management of sinus infections. Conclusion: A comprehensive knowledge of the specific steps for the proper execution of this complex procedure will allow for a predictable outcome as presented by the systematic reviews of the zygoma implant, which have reported a cumulative survival rate of 96.7% to 97.8%. Understanding the cause, the prevention, as well as the management of potential complications is imperative for the contemporary surgeon using the zygoma implant. Keywords: ad modum Brånemark, biomechanics, complications, extra-sinus, implant, maxillary reconstruction, zygoma, zygomatic