Osteogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoblastic Cells on Strontium-Doped Nanohydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Surfaces

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the promotion of osteogenesis in vitro on three types of titanium surfaces: a strontium-hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA)-coated surface, a nano-HA-coated surface, and an uncoated roughened surface. Materials and Methods: Sr-HA and HA were placed on disks with a roughened titanium surface by electrochemical deposition. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and rat bone mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the Sr-HA, HA-coated, and uncoated roughened disks, and cell adhesion, proliferation, viability, osteogenic differentiation, and formation of mineralized nodules were measured at various time points. Results: The Sr-HA coating produced by a simple electrochemical deposition treatment evidently enhanced the attachment, spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, and extracellular matrix calcium mineralization of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells and MC3T3-E1 cells compared with an untreated roughened titanium surface and a nano-HA-coated surface. Conclusion: This study suggests that a Sr-doped nano-HA coating produced through electrochemical deposition improves the osteoconductivity of a microrough titanium surface. Keywords: dental implants, electrochemical deposition, osseointegration, strontium hydroxyapatite, titanium