Purpose: To determine the possibility of screening for the risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Periodontitis patients and non-periodontitis controls were recruited and asked to complete a validated screening questionnaire to calculate individual probabilities (%) of OSA. Also, for both groups, the risk for OSA was classified as low, medium and high. Results: Seventy periodontitis patients (49% male) and 77 controls (60% male) were included and both had an average age of 54 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the probability of the risk of OSA between periodontitis patients and controls, 38.6% ± 29.7%, and 34.2% ± 23.3%, respectively (p = 0.31). After sub-grouping individuals in “not high risk” (low plus intermediate) and “high OSA risk” categories, we observed statistically significantly more periodontitis patients than controls in the “high risk” category for OSA (21% vs 9%, p = 0.041, OR 2.73 [95% CI = 1.04 – 7.15]). Conclusion: These findings suggest that screening for OSA among periodontitis patients may help in early recognition of a “high risk” of OSA, but further research is needed. Keywords: immune disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, periodontitis

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of continuous tooth eruption on the outcomes of single-implant–supported restorations in the anterior maxilla of adults. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients (age: 21 to 78 years) treated with single-implant–supported restorations in the esthetic zone were included. Radiographs obtained at crown placement and follow-up examinations from 1 to 15 years postloading were analyzed with regard to vertical incisal plane changes of the implant-supported crown relative to adjacent teeth. Results: Infraocclusion increased over time by 0.08 ± 0.02 mm/year. Infraocclusion was more pronounced (P = .04) for delayed (0.09 mm/year) versus immediate implant placement (0.06 mm/year) and for younger versus older adults (0.0013 mm/year per additional year of age; P = .014). No statistically significant association between infraocclusion and sex, ethnicity, implant site, timing of implant temporization, surgical protocol, and type of restoration was found. Conclusion: Infraocclusion of single-implant–supported maxillary anterior restorations may result in esthetic concerns over time. Greater infraocclusion occurs in delayed implant placement and in younger individuals. Keywords: complication, esthetics, infraocclusion, infraposition, tooth eruption

Purpose: Ridge preservation protocols reduce crestal remodeling after tooth extraction. There is insufficient evidence on bone grafting in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or recombinant human plateletderived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB). The aim of this study is to evaluate healing of grafted and nongrafted sockets and the effect of PRP and rhPDGF-BB on early remodeling. Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients whose treatment plan included extraction of anterior or premolar teeth were randomized into four groups. Group 1: collagen plug (control). Group 2: mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/collagen plug. Group 3: FDBA/β-TCP/PRP/collagen plug. Group 4: FDBA/β-TCP/rhPDGFBB/ collagen plug. At 8 weeks, a core was harvested from the center of 41 sockets. Histomorphometric analysis took place. Differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or chi-square tests for continuous and categorical data. Pairwise comparisons were tested using least squares means. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship of bone growth with potential confounders. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ANOVA did not indicate statistical significance in age, gender, smoking, ethnicity, or race distribution. Significant differences in tissue distribution were identified between groups and between different thirds of harvested core. More new bone and amorphous organic matrix was noted in the control group. In sites where bone graft was combined with growth factors, the amount of residual particles was less than in sites where bone graft was used alone. Conclusions: Inclusion of bone replacement graft suppressed new bone formation during early healing. Inclusion of PRP and rhPDGF-BB produced less residual bone graft material, indicating more rapid turnover of bone graft. All treatment modalities achieved a significant amount of new vital bone at 8 weeks postextraction. Keywords: extraction socket, freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA), platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ridge preservation