The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to investigate the outcome of 3 different types of endosseous, nonsubmerged implants in the anterior part of the mandible. Fourteen older edentulous patients, 10 females and 4 males, were included. All participants received 3 different types of endosseous implants in the anterior mandible: 1 titanium plasma-sprayed cylindric implant (4 mm in diameter), 1 titanium cylindric implant with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (4 mm in diameter), and 1 standard threaded titanium implant (3.75 mm in diameter). The 3 types of implants were originally designed to be placed in a 2-step surgical procedure. However, at this stage all implants were simultaneously provided with a temporary abutment that penetrated the mucosa. Three months later the temporary abutments were replaced by ball abutments, which were connected to an overdenture. At 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery, marginal bone resorption and Periotest values were recorded. Two patients died within the 2 first postoperative years. Five of 42 implants (11.9%) failed to osseointegrate. After 3 years, marginal bone resorption around titanium plasma-sprayed implants was significantly greater than that seen around both HA-coated and threaded titanium implants. Threaded titanium implants also had significantly better scores for marginal bone resorption than the HA-coated implants. Periotest values for HA-coated cylinders were significantly lower than test values for the other implants after 3 years (P .05). The conclusion from this investigation is that nonsubmerged implants showed impaired prognoses compared to implants placed according to the 2-stage concept. Marginal bone resorption around titanium plasma-sprayed cylindric implants was clearly increased compared to the 2 other implant systems. Periotest values for HA-coated cylindric implants were superior to titanium plasma-sprayed and pure titanium implant surfaces. Keywords: hydroxyapatite-coated implants, marginal bone resorption, nonsubmerged implants, overdentures, titanium plasma spray-coated implants, titanium threaded implants