Purpose: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of oral complications with the potential of causing significant morbidity and mortality. Dental professionals should play a fundamental role in the prevention and treatment of oral sequelae of HSCT. However, the dental community is not well informed and experienced in providing oral care of the oral complications for HSCT patients. This narrative review attempts to fill the knowledge gap through reviewing the oral complications and current recommendations for oral and dental care for the patient before, during and after HSCT. Results: Oral care in the HSCT process was divided into five stages with the goal being to provide practical guidance for dental care providers to assist in managing these patients. It is well known that the maintenance of good oral health is important in cancer patients, including patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition to negatively impacting quality of life, oral pain and/or infections can cause delays, modification and discontinuation of life-saving cancer treatment. Oral complications can lead to new or extended hospitalization. By providing a preventive and treatment algorithm based on currently available literature reports and expert opinion, we can hope to achieve better patient outcomes. Conclusion: We present oral and dental management recommendations with a focus on oral health maintenance, infection prevention, pain control and oral complication management to support oral and general health of this medically complex patient population prior to, during and following HSCT. Keywords: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, infection prevention, oral care, oral complication, pain control