Periodontitis and the Risk of Heart Failure:a Meta-analysis and Mendelian Randomisation Study

Purpose: Periodontitis and heart failure (HF) impact millions of individuals globally with heavy social and economic burden. Prior research has indicated a connection between them. However, the conclusions have been somewhat inconsistent. Our objective is to confirm, through meta-analysis and Mendelian randomisation studies, whether patients with periodontitis have an increased risk of HF. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore the causal association between periodontitis and the risk of HF.
Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched online to identify studies involving periodontitis on the risk of HF. The main endpoint assessed in this study was the risk of HF. We used R language to calculate the pooled results and create plots. A random-effects model was employed in the analyses. In the Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses, we obtained data from public databases. MR analyses were conducted using genome-wide association data for acute and chronic periodontitis. Independent genetic variants associated significantly with each exposure (P 5*10-6) were considered as instruments. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, which was subsequently supplemented by a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings.
Results: Our meta-analysis included three publications, with a total of 21,997 participants. The pooled result demonstrated that periodontitis increased the risk of HF (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.29–2.03). Periodontitis increased the risk of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with a low level of heterogeneity (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.22–3.23) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with little heterogeneity (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.00–1.86). In the MR study, acute or chronic periodontitis did not increase the risk of HF. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the causal association estimations were robust.
Conclusion: In summary, the meta-analysis results indicate that individuals with periodontitis are at a higher risk of HF. The findings from the MR study fail to establish a causal link between the two variables under investigation. To validate this assertion and elucidate the fundamental mechanism, additional research is imperative.Clinical Significance: Based on the current evidence, it cannot be concluded that there is a causal relationship between acute or chronic periodontitis and HF.