Purpose: To investigate the influence of different water concentrations in the solvents of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of an experimental adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Five experimental self-etching primers with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 (wt%) water as solvent were formulated. An experimental adhesive resin (AD-50) was also synthesized to create one experimental self-etching adhesive system. Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) was used as the commercial reference. Sixty bovine incisors were randomly separated into 6 groups. Buccal enamel was removed to expose the superficial coronal dentin; this surface was polished wet to create a standardized smear layer. After rinsing, water was removed, leaving the surface visibly dried. The dentin surfaces were etched with primer and air dried, adhesive resin was applied and photoactivated, then the composite resin restoration was placed. After storage for 24 h, the specimens were sectioned with a cooled diamond saw at low speed. Microtensile bond strength was measured and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: ANOVA showed that primer composition was a significant factor for bond strength. There was no significant difference in bond strengths between the primers with a water concentration of 40% (53.9 ± 12.7 MPa), 20% (51.1 ± 11.5 MPa, and 10% (47.5 ± 11.4 MPa), and CSEB (50.7 ± 9.8 MPa). The groups with 5% (38.6 ± 12.9 MPa) and 0% (31.5 ± 7.5 MPa) water presented similar bond strengths amongst themselves but were statistically significantly lower than that of the other groups. Conclusion: The water concentration in the primer solvent exercises a significant influence on the bond strength of this experimental self-etching adhesive system. Palabras clave: dental adhesive, microtensile bond strength, self-etching, dental materials