Objective: Surgical removal of third molars is often associated with complications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of complications following extraction of third molars relative to the risk factors. Method and Materials: This retrospective study included 463 patients who had mandibular third molar extraction (performed by a single surgeon, DSA) in the years 2001 to 2011. In total, 665 mandibular third molars were extracted. The average patient's age was 29 ± 11.30 years, median 26 years, and the patient age ranged from 13 to 75 years. Patients' records were obtained for medical/general data. Results: The overall prevalence of postsurgical complications was 17%. Dry sockets showed the highest incidence (11.6%). Partially impacted teeth showed the highest incidence of complications (67.3%). Cigarette smoking correlated with increased complications and dry sockets, and complications were more prevalent on the left side (62.8%). Conclusion: Complications after mandibular third molar extraction increase with age, level of impaction, side of extraction, and cigarette smoking. Palabras clave: cigarette smoking, dry sockets, mandible, partially impacted, tooth impaction, wisdom teeth