Many people have special needs with regard to dental prophylaxis, diagnostics, and treatment – either due to cognitive or communicative limitations; functional restrictions; or factors related to medicines or drugs, genetics, incidents or accidents, among others. Many dentists who have limited or no experience with special needs patients often fail to meet their needs, usually unintentionally due to uncertainty or even helplessness. This can result in a lack of understanding and irritation on the part of both the patient and the dentist and can therefore lead to a significant reduction in oral health. Unfortunately, special needs patients often only play a marginal role, if any, in dental studies and professional events. The editors of this book, in cooperation with numerous authors, identified 56 special needs and concisely presented their specific dental treatment requirements. Therefore, this is the first book of its kind to address the needs of a significant number of these patients, and aims to help in meeting these special needs in dental care.
Contents
Part I. General information
Chapter 01. The oral cavity at the beginning of life
Chapter 02. The oral cavity in the middle of life
Chapter 03. The oral cavity at the end of life (old and very old people)
Chapter 04. Influence of nutrition on oral health
Chapter 05. Influence of mechanical oral care products on oral health
Chapter 06. Influence of chemical oral care products on oral health
Chapter 07. Influence of saliva on oral health
Chapter 08. Health or disease in the oral cavity – a question of definition?
Chapter 09. Definition of special needs from a dental perspective
Chapter 10. Oral epidemiology in patients with dental special needs
Chapter 11. Communication
Chapter 12. Dental care and dental hygiene in kindergartens, retirement and nursing homes, and intensive care units
Chapter 13. Legal aspects of dental treatment for special needs patients
Part II. Special needs patients from a dental perspective
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Affective disorders
- Alcohol abuse
- Amelogenesis imperfecta
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Autism spectrum disorders
- Blindness/visual impairment
- Bruxism: jaw clenching and tooth grinding
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Cannabis
- Chemotherapy
- Chronic polyarthritis
- Dementia
- Dental erosion
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dialysis patients
- Dysphagia
- Ectodermal dysplasia
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Epilepsy
- Eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia nervosa)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Gingival growths
- Halitosis
- Heart disease
- HIV/AIDS
- Intellectual disability
- Orthodontic treatment for special needs patients
- Competitive athletes
- Lichen planus and lichenoid reaction
- Cleft lip and palate
- (Systemic) lupus erythematosus
- Molar incisor hypomineralization
- Odontodysplasia
- Oral aphthae
- Organ transplantation
- Orthopedic restrictions/functional limitations
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Patients with service dogs
- Pemphigus and pemphigoid
- Precancerous conditions (potentially malignant oral lesions)
- Psychoses
- Paraplegia
- Radiotherapy in the head and neck area
- Religions
- Wheelchair users
- Rare diseases
- Sjögren’s syndrome
- Scleroderma
- Tube feeding and tube dependency
- Tobacco and snuff
- Trisomy 21
- Vegan diet
- Waking coma
- (Pronounced) gag reflex
- Dental anxiety with disease value
