Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Temporomandibular Disorders

Introduction and Objectives: Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) has been considered a predisposing factor for the development of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). The literature refer that GJH is more frequent in females and tend to decrease with age. This study aimed to assess the relationship between GJH and the presence of TMD signs/symptoms and also with TMDs. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, in 1381 university students from Oporto District. The study protocol was first approved by the Ethics Committee of University Fernando Pessoa and then by all the Institutions that were also visited. Demographic and TMDs symptoms questionnaire and clinical examination using the Portuguese version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporormandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) as diagnostic system for TMD. The GJH evaluation was performed using Beighton Index (BI≥4 indicates GJH). Multiple logistic regression to identify risk factors associated to TMDs (one TMD diagnosis or multiple TMD diagnoses; reference: TMD free) (p=0.05/ 0.10 for inclusion/ exclusion). Results: Univariately facial pain, difficulty of mouth opening, clicking, muscular and articular pain are associated with GJH (p0.05). Multivariately, GJH, female gender and age increment are significant risk factors for TMD multiple diagnoses (OR=1.53 (95%CI:1.12-2.08); OR=1.98 (95%CI:1.31-2.98); OR=1.06 (95%CI:1.02-1.10), respectively). Conclusions: GJH, female gender and age are risk factors independently associated to TMD multiple diagnoses. Clinical Implications: Individuals with TMD associated to GJH should be carefully evaluated and, in some cases, treated by a multidisciplinary team. Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint, General Joint Hypermobility, Temporomandibular Disorder