Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of different implant-based prostheses on swallowing threshold, dietary intake, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Materials and Methods: This prospective paired controlled clinical trial followed partially edentulous subjects, who sequentially used implant-supported removable partial dentures and implant-supported fixed partial dentures (IFPDs). Swallowing threshold was assessed by counting the masticatory cycles and median particle size (X50) calculation. Nutritional intake was verified by a 3-day food record. OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). Data were evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Twelve subjects (mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years; range, 55 to 87) took part in the study. IFPD treatment significantly reduced X50 values and the number of chewing cycles. Higher intake of fiber, calcium, and iron and lower consumption of cholesterolrich food were observed after IFPD use. OHIP summary score and OHIP physical pain domain were lower with the IFPD. Conclusion: IFPD use leads to more efficient mastication and improves dietary intake and OHRQoL. This information will guide dentists to better clinical management of partially edentulous patients. Keywords: dental implants, nutrition status, partial edentulism, quality of life