The goal of this study was to provide evidence to support simplified treatment of mandibular edentulism using denture fabrication and implant placement to circumvent the need for second-stage surgeries or prosthodontic superstructures. A 5-year prospective clinical trial is reported, which involved treatment of mandibular edentulism using the single-stage surgical placement of a TiOblast microthreaded titanium screw implant with immediate replacement of a relieved mandibular overdenture and eventual retention of the overdenture with reduced ball abutments. Fifty-eight patients were treated; 116 implants were placed using a single-stage surgical approach, with a duplicate mandibular denture as the tomographic/surgical template. Mandibular dentures were relieved and relined with a tissue conditioning material and placed immediately after implant surgery. After 3 months, Conical Seal Design ball abutments were placed and attachments were secured in the overdentures by heat-polymerizing laboratory reline methods. Five of the 116 consecutively placed implants failed at 2 to 4 months, providing an immediate implant survival rate of 95.69% at the time of attachment connection. Pain and inflammation were not common to all failures, and infection was not reported in any of the 5 failures. The immediate placement of implants by a single-stage surgical procedure in the parasymphyseal region of the mandible, followed by placement of a relined mandibular denture, results in predictable and asymptomatic healing of implants that display the clinical and radiographic features of osseointegration. Encouraging results at the immediate observation period (attachment connection) must be tempered by the need for prudent and detailed clinical and radiologic evaluation over the 5-year trial period. Keywords: endosseous implants, overdentures, single-stage surgery