Effect of High Frequency Ultrasonic Agitation on the Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesives

Purpose: To investigate the effect of high frequency ultrasonic agitation on the microtensile bond strengths of different self-etching adhesives. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six human molars were wet ground occlusally until dentin was exposed. The one-step self-etching adhesives Clearfil S3 Bond, G-Bond, and Futurabond NR were tested in this study. In the control groups, bonding procedures were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. In the experimental groups, bonding materials were applied with a 1 MHz therapeutic ultrasonic device on the dentin surfaces. The composite crown was built up incrementally to a height of 5 mm. Each tooth was serially sectioned into rectangular beams, and the specimens were subjected to microtensile testing. Failure modes were observed under a stereomicroscope and classified. Randomly selected specimens from each group were observed with SEM. Results: Two-factor ANOVA indicated that both the adhesive system and the ultrasonic agitation effect influenced bond strength (p 0.05). The bond strength of G-Bond adhesive to dentin was higher after ultrasonic agitation (p 0.05), whereas ultrasonic agitation of Futurabond and S3 Bond did not affect bond strength values (p > 0.05). Failure after the test was commonly due to adhesive failure in the dentin. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasonic agitation of self-etching adhesives during their application may enhance their bonding performance. Keywords: composite resin, dentin, ultrasonic, dentin bonding agents, self-etching, single-step adhesives