Purpose: To evaluate the impact on healing of bioactivation with argon plasma of a xenogeneic graft with adequate fixation but poor adaptation to the native host bone.

Materials and methods: Xenogeneic grafts were either treated with argon plasma or left untreated and randomly secured with a titanium screw to both lateral aspects of the mandible angle of rabbits. A discrepancy was obtained between the xenograft and the mandible due to the convexity of the recipient site. Collagen membranes were placed on the grafts. Thirty animals were included and euthanized in groups of 10 after 2, 6, and 10 weeks, respectively. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on ground sections. Newly formed bone was the primary outcome, while the distance between the peak of new bone inside the graft and the upper surface of the graft, the xenograft percentages, and the area of the xenograft were considered as secondary variables. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analyses.

Results: After 2 weeks of healing, gaps of ~0.5 mm were observed at the interface between the graft and the recipient sites, and new bone was mainly located in the interface and within the inferior regions of the grafts. New bone increased over time in all regions, including those in the upper zones of the graft, reaching proportions of 20.3% ± 6.5% and 19.3% ± 7.4% (P = .484) after 10 weeks in the plasma and control groups, respectively. The mean distance between the peak of new bone inside the graft and the upper surface of the graft decreased between 2 and 10 weeks of healing from 1.4 mm to 0.4 mm and from 1.7 mm to 0.3 mm at the plasma and control sites, respectively.

Conclusion: The xenogeneic grafts of both groups were incorporated into the recipient sites by newly formed bone that presented a growth close to the upper surface of the graft. The bioactivation with argon plasma did not improve healing.