Treatment of the entire root canal system is essential for the success of root canal treatment. Thus, it is necessary for the clinician to know the root canal anatomy of the human dentition and its variations. This case report describes a patient with double palatal roots on the maxillary right second molar. Meanwhile, her maxillary left second molar had, asymmetrically, only 1 palatal root. Though the possibility of 2 palatal root canals in the maxillary second molars is scarce, it should be taken into account during endodontic treatment to guarantee successful treatments. Schlagwörter: double palatal roots, maxillary second molar, root canal anatomy