Objective: To compare the accuracies among three oral implant surgical techniques: freehand (FH), static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS), and robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (rCAIS).
Methods: The polyurethane and bovine femur implant models were fabricated, and 126 and 96 implant sites were designed on them. The implant sites were divided into three groups: FH, sCAIS, and rCAIS, according to the implantation method. The deviation between the actual implant position and the planned position was analyzed and compared by cone beam computed tomography.
Results: In the polyurethane model test, the entry deviation, entry-level deviation, apical deviation, apical level deviation, and angle deviation in sCAIS and rCAIS groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the FH group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in all kinds of deviations between the sCAIS and rCAIS groups (P>0.05). In the bovine femur model test, the entry deviation, entry-level deviation, apical deviation, apical level deviation, and angle deviation in both sCAIS and rCAIS groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the FH group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in all kinds of deviations between the sCAIS and rCAIS groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This in vitro study shows that the rCAIS technique is superior to the freehand, but has the same accuracy as the sCAIS.