Combined non-surgical and surgical retreatment of maxillary incisors with a history of failed root-end surgery with transfixation pins

Teeth with a history of non-successful surgical retreatment may present with particular difficulties in terms of treatment planning and procedures. The presented cases illustrate the successful treatment of two maxillary central incisors following previous surgery and insertion of transfixation pins. A combined non-surgical and surgical approach was undertaken to remove the root canal filling and the transfixation pins, and to achieve apical seal. Parole chiave: apicoectomy, microsurgery, post removal, root-end surgery, transfixation pin