Purpose: The aim of this study was to correlate the location of the mental foramen and overlying teeth and apply these observations to posterior prosthetic teeth selection in a group of Egyptian edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cone beam computed tomography data from 40 dentate and 40 edentulous patients scanned with radiopaque denture duplicates were compared in relation to mental foramen position. Results: The probability of locating the mental foramen opposite the first premolar was higher in dentate patients, while finding it opposite the first molar was higher in edentulous patients. Conclusion: Selected posterior teeth size for the selected Egyptian edentulous patients might be slightly smaller than for dentate patients.