Immediate Versus Delayed Loading of Dental Implants Supporting Fixed Full-Arch Maxillary Prostheses: A 10-year Follow-up Report

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of immediate vs delayed implant loading in edentulous maxillae with full-arch fixed prostheses. Materials and Methods: Two patient groups were identified for this study: (1) the test group (TG), which included 34 patients (19 women, 15 men; mean age 56.7 years) treated with the Columbus Bridge Protocol with 4 to 6 postextractive implants loaded within 24 hours (163 implants total); and (2) the control group (CG), which included 15 patients (6 women, 9 men; mean age 59.96 years) treated with a traditional two-stage delayed loading rehabilitation using 6 to 9 implants inserted in healed sites (97 implants total). All patients were rehabilitated with full-arch fixed prostheses in the maxilla. Results: At the 10-year follow-up, no difference in the implant cumulative survival rate between the TG (93.25%) and CG (94.85%) was found. Mean bone loss was significantly lower in the TG (mean: 2.11 mm) compared to the CG (mean: 2.65 mm). All original prostheses were maintained and functioning satisfactorily. Conclusion: Maxillary full-arch immediate loading represents a valid alternative to the traditional delayed loading rehabilitation.