Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on the Osteogenic Activity of Osteoprogenitor Cells Cultured on Titanium Surfaces

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of celecoxib and ibuprofen on the proliferation, viability, and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on titanium surfaces. Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on sandblasted titanium disks and allocated to one of the following six groups: (a) control (untreated); (b) celecoxib (5 μM and 10 μM); (c) ibuprofen (5 μM and 10 μM); and (d) prostaglandin E₂ (10 μM). Proliferation of attached cells was assessed over 9 days using an alamarBlue assay. A trypan blue exclusion test was conducted to assess cell viability; the relative percentages of live and dead cells were quantified using a hemocytometer over 2 days. A Boyden-Chamber Assay was utilized to assess cell migration over 3 days. Results: The proliferation of cells treated with any intervention was not significantly different than that of the untreated group throughout the treatment period. However, celecoxib and ibuprofen significantly decreased the percentage of viable cells in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, celecoxib (10 μM) and ibuprofen (5 μM and 10 μM, respectively) on day 1 and celecoxib (10 μM) on day 2 showed significantly higher percentages of dead cells compared to the untreated cells. There was a significant increase in migration of cells treated with ibuprofen (5 μM) compared to untreated cells on day 1; however, the migration of cells treated with any of the interventions was not significantly different from that of untreated cells on day 3. Conclusion: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at therapeutic doses did not significantly affect osteoblast proliferation and migration. However, higher dosages of celecoxib (10 μM) significantly reduced the cell viability and therefore can potentially affect the process of osseointegration. Keywords: celecoxib, ibuprofen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, osseointegration, osteoblast, titanium implant