Purpose: Chemical modification to a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surface has been shown to enhance the rate of osseointegration. The goal of the present study was to examine changes in stability for implants with a chemically modified SLA surface and to compare their outcomes to those of control implants. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 31 patients. Each patient received 2 implants with the same physical properties but with surfaces that were chemically different. The control implants had a standard SLA surface, while the test implants had a chemically modified surface. Resonance frequency analysis was assessed weekly over the first 6 weeks following implant placement. Results: All implants proved clinically successful, allowing for restoration. Most implants were placed in the mandible (50 of 62). A shift in implant stability from decreasing stability to increasing stability (P .001), occurred after 2 weeks for the test implants and after 4 weeks for the control implants. Conclusion: The findings from this pilot study provide clinical support for the potential for chemical modification of the SLA surface to alter biologic events during the osseointegration process and demonstrate levels of short-term clinical success similar to those observed for implants with an SLA surface. Keywords: clinical trial, implant stability, implant surface chemistry, resonance frequency analysis