Application of a Systematic Oral Health Promotion Model for Pregnant Women: A Randomised Controlled Study

Purpose: To explore the effects of oral health promotion management on the improvement of oral healthcare knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: This randomised study included pregnant women in Shanghai (China) who were randomly assigned to receive oral-health promotion management (intervention group) or no interventions (control group). The primary outcome for this study was overall oral health. The secondary outcomes included oral health awareness and attitudes, oral health knowledge, oral healthcare behaviours, medical visits, and risk factors. The Fourth National Oral Health Questionnaire was self-administered in this study, and oral examinations included caries and periodontal status. Data consistency was assessed by the Kappa coefficient.
Results: After intervention, periodontal outcomes in the intervention group had improved statistically significantly, and the proportion of those without periodontal diseases had statistically significantly increased to 14.4% (p 0.05). In the intervention group, statistically significant improvements were also observed in the number of active caries (p 0.001), number of filled teeth (p = 0.014), and community periodontal index (CPI) scores (p 0.001). Overall, after intervention, pregnant women demonstrated comprehension of the importance of children’s deciduous teeth, and their knowledge of the importance of good oral health had greatly improved. Further, oral healthcare habits in the intervention group also showed statistically significant improvement: 56.8% established the habit of cleaning the tongue every week (p 0.05) and 39.6% established the habit of regular oral examination (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Oral healthcare education and promotion management for pregnant women can effectively improve their oral health, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of oral health care. Keywords: behaviour modification, intervention effect, oral health, pregnancy, women