Multidisciplinary Treatment Intervention in 24 Patients with Oligodontia: A Case-Cohort Study

Purpose: To characterize the multidisciplinary treatment intervention for patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia, focusing on both the preprosthodontic intervention and the type of prosthodontic and functional occlusal units at the end of treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on the multidisciplinary treatment of 24 patients with agenesis of 8 to 22 (median 15) permanent teeth was carried out by reviewing the patients' medical records, preprosthodontic surgical and orthodontic procedures, and the final dental and prosthodontic status. Results: A total of 23 patients underwent orthodontic treatment, and one-third of them had additional orthognathic surgery. Presurgical intervention involved bone augmentation in 20 patients and insertion of 2 to 16 implants per patient (median 8). The number of implants was positively correlated with the number of missing teeth (P = .004). At the end of treatment, the number of functional occlusal units ranged from 20 to 28 (median 24). A single-tooth crown was mounted on 167 implants, 32 implants were part of a fixed partial denture, and 29 fixed partial dentures were tooth-borne. Conclusion: The treatment of patients with severe oligodontia is comprehensive and complex. Irrespective of the number of congenitally missing teeth, the final functional occlusion consisted of a minimum of 20 units, which in addition to permanent teeth included preserved deciduous teeth, implants, and fixed partial dentures.