Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases in a Private Practice and Potential Risk Indicators

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of peri-implant diseases and their potential risk indicators in a private practice setting.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated data from 390 subjects (mean age 55.8 ± 11.6 years) with implant-supported prosthetic reconstructions, who were enrolled in a maintenance program for 6.25 ± 3.36 years. Clinical evaluation included peri-implant probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and full-mouth plaque scores (FMPS). Radiographic evaluation was performed using retro-alveolar radiographs for each implant. Further, smoking habits, history of periodontitis, or tooth loss due to periodontal disease, presence/absence of keratinized mucosa ≥ 2 mm and the quality of the prosthetic restoration were also assessed. The prevalence of the peri-implant disease (at the subject/implant level) was determined and various potential risk indicators were evaluated by multi-level logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of peri-implant diseases was 37.7% and 23.3% at the subject and implant level, respectively. 14.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis and 8.9% were diagnosed with advanced peri-implantitis (PI). PI was statistically significantly associated with poor (FMPS > 0.45, p 0.001) or moderate oral hygiene (FMPS: 0.3–0.45, p 0.001), a history of periodontitis (p 0.001), lack of keratinized tissue ≥2 mm (p 0.001) or implant function time > 5 years (p 0.001).
Conclusion: In a private practice setting, a prevalence of peri-implant diseases of 37.7%/ 23.3% (subject/implant level) was found. Poor oral hygiene, history of periodontitis, a keratinized mucosa 2 mm and a time in function ≥ 5 years have been associated with the occurrence of peri-implant diseases.